An advisory committee to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has recently questioned the effectiveness of phenylephrine, a key component in many over-the-counter oral cold and allergy medications.
The committee claimed that while phenylephrine is safe, it has proven ineffective when ingested in pill form. Other applications like nasal sprays are reportedly still believed to be effective.
While the FDA collects public feedback, pill forms of phenylephrine will remain available for purchase. A definitive decision about such pills — whether companies should discontinue or reformulate the medication — remains pending.
In the meantime, people grappling with congestion have several over-the-counter options for treatment. Medications like Mucinex, which contain the active ingredient guaifenesin, can help thin and liquefy mucus, allowing the sinuses to drain.
A steroid-based nasal spray, such as Flonase or Nasacort, can also help alleviate nasal congestion and decrease inflammation in the nasal passages.
For those who prefer to avoid medications, a saline irrigation device, like a neti pot, is a good option to wash out the sinuses.
Sinus irrigation can be quite effective, said Dr. Richard J. Harvey, a professor of rhinology, according to CNN. However, using sterile or distilled water is important to prevent microbial contamination.
Hydration plays a pivotal role in keeping the nose and sinuses moist, making it easier to drain mucus. Hot showers and warm compresses are also recommended for similar reasons.
Consuming spicy food can also aid in relieving congestion. The chemical capsaicin, which can be found in spicy foods, can cause a person’s nose to run, contributing to mucus drainage.
Adequate sleep, defined as seven hours or more, is essential when unwell. Sleep quality may improve when the air in the room is warm and moist, achievable with the help of a humidifier. Elevated head positioning during sleep can also aid in draining fluids from the sinuses.
One other home remedy that should not be overlooked is warm chicken soup. Recent studies suggest the age-old elixir may have anti-inflammatory properties, potentially reducing cold symptoms. As a bonus, the steam and spices from the soup can help the sinuses drain.
Dr. Stephen Rennard, the author of one of the chicken soup studies, said the comfort provided by someone showing their care with a warm bowl of soup should not be underestimated.
“… [I]f someone is taking care of you, that tender loving care is not a placebo effect,” he said, per CNN. “There are clearly beneficial effects of that. So, if someone is sitting there and making you chicken soup, it may make you feel better … but whether it has to do with the contents of the chicken soup may be irrelevant.”
