New research suggests that a popular pain reliever may pose unexpected health risks for individuals over the age of 65.
Acetaminophen, widely known under the brand name Tylenol, is a common remedy for pain and fever. It is frequently found in cold and flu medications, as well as topical gels and creams. A U.K.-based study published in Arthritis Care & Research, the American College of Rheumatology journal, highlights potential dangers linked to the drug’s long-term use among older populations, reported Fox News.
The study analyzed data from over 180,000 acetaminophen users and compared it with 400,000 non-users over two decades, revealing an elevated risk of several medical complications.
The findings point to an association between acetaminophen use and conditions such as peptic ulcer bleeding, heart failure, hypertension, lower gastrointestinal bleeding, and chronic kidney disease.
Lead author Professor Weiya Zhang of the University of Nottingham emphasized the need to reconsider the long-term use of acetaminophen, especially for osteoarthritis treatment in older adults. Despite being considered a safer alternative for pain relief, the study suggests that the drug’s effectiveness in reducing pain may be minimal compared to its potential risks. While further research is necessary, the study raises questions about acetaminophen’s safety profile for chronic conditions.
Dr. Marc Siegel, a clinical professor at NYU Langone Health, noted that acetaminophen has traditionally been viewed as low-risk for gastrointestinal and kidney complications. However, new evidence indicates that the drug may interact with pathways similar to those affected by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen, which are known for causing gastrointestinal side effects. Dr. Siegel, who was not involved in the study, pointed out that acetaminophen’s ability to inhibit certain pathways could increase bleeding risks. He emphasized that even over-the-counter medications can carry significant side effects when used regularly.
The study’s observational nature means it has some limitations, including difficulty distinguishing between over-the-counter and prescribed acetaminophen use. Factors like smoking, obesity, and other health conditions may also have contributed to the complications observed.
Gerontologist Dr. Macie P. Smith welcomed the study’s focus on older adults, noting that age-related changes in the body and brain can affect how medications are processed. She explained that just because a medication was well-tolerated at a younger age does not guarantee the same outcome later in life.
Dr. Siegel also underscored acetaminophen’s well-documented risk of liver toxicity, particularly when taken in high doses or combined with alcohol. This new research expands concerns about the drug’s safety, suggesting that its side effects may go beyond liver damage. The findings stress the need for ongoing evaluation and cautious use of over-the-counter medications, even those perceived as safe. Post-market analyses and continuous reassessment of drug safety are essential to understanding the full scope of potential side effects.